joule \joule\ (j[=oo]l), n. [From the distinguished English
physicist, James Prescott Joule (1818-1889).] (Physics.)
A unit of work which is equal to 10^7 ergs (the unit of
work in the C. G. S. system of units), and is equivalent to
one watt-second, the energy expended in one second by an
electric current of one ampere in a resistance of one ohm;
also called the absolute joule. It is abbreviated J or j.
The international joule is slightly larger, being 1.000167
times the absolute joule. The absolute joule is approximately
equal to 0.737562 foot pounds, 0.239006 gram-calories (small
calories), and 3.72506 x 10^-7 horsepower-hours, and
0.000948451 B.t.u. --HCP61
[1913 Webster +PJC]
Joule's equivalent. See under Equivalent, n.
[1913 Webster]
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Equivalent \E*quiv"a*lent\ ([-e]*kw[i^]v"[.a]*lent), n.
1. Something equivalent; that which is equal in value, worth,
weight, or force; as, to offer an equivalent for damage
done.
[1913 Webster]
He owned that, if the Test Act were repealed, the
Protestants were entitled to some equivalent. . . .
During some weeks the word equivalent, then lately
imported from France, was in the mouths of all the
coffeehouse orators. --Macaulay.
[1913 Webster]
2. (Chem.) That comparative quantity by weight of an element
which possesses the same chemical value as other elements,
as determined by actual experiment and reference to the
same standard. Specifically:
(a) The comparative proportions by which one element
replaces another in any particular compound; thus, as
zinc replaces hydrogen in hydrochloric acid, their
equivalents are 32.5 and 1.
(b) The combining proportion by weight of a substance, or
the number expressing this proportion, in any
particular compound; as, the equivalents of hydrogen
and oxygen in water are respectively 1 and 8, and in
hydric dioxide 1 and 16.
[1913 Webster]
Note: This term was adopted by Wollaston to avoid using the
conjectural expression atomic weight, with which,
however, for a time it was practically synonymous. The
attempt to limit the term to the meaning of a
universally comparative combining weight failed,
because of the possibility of several compounds of the
substances by reason of the variation in combining
power which most elements exhibit. The equivalent was
really identical with, or a multiple of submultiple of,
the atomic weight.
[1913 Webster]
3. (Chem.) A combining unit, whether an atom, a radical, or a
molecule; as, in acid salt two or more equivalents of acid
unite with one or more equivalents of base.
[1913 Webster]
Mechanical equivalent of heat (Physics), originally defined
as the number of units of work which the unit of heat can
perform, equivalent to the mechanical energy which must be
expended to raise the temperature of a pound of water one
degree Fahrenheit; later this value was defined as one
British thermal unit (B.t.u). Its value was found by
Joule to be 772 foot pounds; later measurements give the
value as 777.65 foot-pounds, equivalent to 107.5
kg-meters. This value was originally called Joule's
equivalent, but the modern Joule is defined differently,
being 10^7 ergs. The B.t.u. is now given as 1,054.35
absolute Joules, and therefore 1 calorie (the amount of
heat needed to raise one gram of water one degree
centigrade) is equivalent to 4.186 Joules.
[1913 Webster + PJC]
Note: The original definition of the Mechanical equivalent of
heat in the 1913 Webster was as below. The difference
between foot pounds and kilogram-meters ("on the
centigrade scale") is puzzling as it should be a factor
of 7.23, and the figure given for kilogram-meters may
be a mistaken misinterpretation of the report. -- PJC:
The number of units of work which the unit of heat can
perform; the mechanical energy which must be expended
to raise the temperature of a unit weight of water from
0[deg] C. to 1[deg] C., or from 32[deg] F. to 33[deg]
F. The term was introduced by Dr. Mayer of Heilbronn.
Its value was found by Joule to be 1390 foot pounds
upon the Centigrade, or 772 foot pounds upon the
Fahrenheit, thermometric scale, whence it is often
called Joule's equivalent, and represented by the
symbol J. This is equal to 424 kilogram meters
(Centigrade scale). A more recent determination by
Professor Rowland gives the value 426.9 kilogram
meters, for the latitude of Baltimore.
[1913 Webster +PJC]
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Joule's oquivalent Joule's uquivalent Joule's e1uivalent Joule's eq1uivalent Joule's e1quivalent Joule's e!uivalent Joule's eq!uivalent Joule's e!quivalent Joule's e2uivalent Joule's eq2uivalent Joule's e2quivalent Joule's ewuivalent Joule's eqwuivalent Joule's ewquivalent Joule's esuivalent Joule's eqsuivalent Joule's esquivalent Joule's eauivalent Joule's eqauivalent Joule's eaquivalent Joule's eq7ivalent Joule's equ7ivalent Joule's eq7uivalent Joule's eq&ivalent Joule's equ&ivalent Joule's eq&uivalent Joule's eq8ivalent Joule's equ8ivalent Joule's eq8uivalent Joule's eqyivalent Joule's equyivalent Joule's eqyuivalent Joule's eqiivalent Joule's equiivalent Joule's eqiuivalent Joule's eqhivalent Joule's equhivalent Joule's eqhuivalent Joule's eqjivalent Joule's equjivalent Joule's eqjuivalent Joule's eqkivalent Joule's equkivalent Joule's eqkuivalent Joule's eqaivalent Joule's eqeivalent Joule's eqoivalent Joule's equ8valent Joule's equi8valent Joule's equ8ivalent Joule's equ*valent 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Defenition, Synonym as: Synonim, Sinonym or Sinonim, Thesaurus as: Thesorus or Thesauris, Dictionary as: Dictionery or Dictionry and Define is usually not misspelled. What does mispell meen? It Meens...
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